2019年中考英语语法知识-动词精讲break

2019年中考英语语法知识-动词精讲break

　　break vt., vi. broke, broken, breaking

　　打破;碰破;折断;打碎 The stone broke the window.石头打坏了窗子。

　　The cup broke on the floor.杯子摔碎在地板上了。

　　You'll break your neck if you aren't more careful! (喻)你如果不加倍小心,你会摔死的!

　　分裂;裂开 The newly-published chronicle breaks down into eight major parts.

　　这部新出版的编年史分成八大部分。

　　毁坏;弄坏;损坏 He broke his wristwatch.他把他的手表弄坏了。

　　(突然用力)变成;成为 The prisoner broke loose.犯人脱逃了。

　　擦破 to break the skin擦破皮肤

　　违背;违犯;不遵守 to break the law犯法

　　He always breaks faith with his clients.他对顾客总是不守信用。

　　It took all the members of the section the whole day to break the back of the job.

　　全组人员干了一整天才把工作的最主要部分完成了。

　　If smeone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group.

　　如果有人违反了制度,就把问题提交给全体成员解决。

　　闯 He broke into the shop他闯入商店。

　　驯服;制服 to break a horse驯服一匹马

　　超过;超越 to break a record in sports打破运动记录

　　泄露;发布;透露 to break the news 发布消息

　　中断 Let's break for a meal.让我们休息一下去吃饭吧。

　　结束;停止to break the silence打破沉寂

　　突然发生，突然出现 as day breaks拂晓时Day breaks.; Day dawns.天亮了。

　　衰退;减弱His health broke.他的健康衰退。

　　突变 His voice broke when he was 15.他15岁时嗓音突然变了。

　　破译(密码) She broke their code.她破译了他们的密码。

　　【习惯用语】

　　break the back of完成主要的或最艰难的部分

　　It took all the members of the section the whole day to break the back of the job.

　　全组人员干了一整天才把工作的最主要部分完成了。

　　break camp拔营

　　break cover跳出躲藏处

　　break the ice打破冷场

　　break new ground有新发现

　　The scheme says nothing new; it doesn't break new ground.这个方案没有新意,它没有提出新的见解。

　　break step步伐紊乱

　　break wind放屁

　　【词性变化】break n.破;破裂;破隙 a break in the clouds云朵间的一线青天

　　暂停;休息 a coffee break饮咖啡的小憩

　　Let's have a break.让我们休息一会儿。

　　After a short break the play continued.休息片刻后,戏继续开演。

　　We've been doing experiments 24 hours without a break.

　　我们的实验已连续不断地进行了二十四小时。

　　突变 a break from the past 一反过去的做法

　　A break anywhere in the circuit may cause the lights in the neighbourhood to go out.

　　电路上任一处断路,都会使这一带的电灯熄灭。

　　The cold weather broke at the beginning of April. 寒冷的天气到四月初开始变暖了。

　　破晓 at day-break破晓时

　　〈台球〉连续击球得分;〈网球〉接发球得分

　　机会;运气 Give him a break. 给他一次机会。

　　【常用词组】

　　break away逃走;逃脱

　　The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。

　　Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)

　　现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。

　　断裂;开裂

　　A large piece of ice broke away from the main block. 一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。

　　break down 破坏;拆散

　　The Congressmen of the Republican tried to break down the opposition from their opponents to their proposal. (喻)共和党的议员们试图使他们的反对派不再反对他们的提案。

　　Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

　　人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

　　break down old conventions打破旧框框

　　The robbers broke the door down.强盗们把门砸开了。

　　The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。

　　制服;被制服(机器)损坏

　　Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。

　　The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。

　　The car broke down halfway to the camp.车子在去营地的半路上抛锚了。

　　The 8 o'clock train broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'

　　8点钟的那趟车因在芬格林车站出了故障而被取消了。

　　失败;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。

　　精神崩溃;失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。

　　起化学变化Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。

　　细分;分类

　　break even不赚不赔;收支平衡

　　break in 闯入;强行进入

　　The burglar broke in and stole my money.夜窃贼破门而入,偷了我的钱。

　　打断;插嘴 It's her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.

　　他常常打断别人的话来发表自己的观点。

　　Don't break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.

　　冒险家讲他自己的经历时,别打断他。

　　Children shouldn't break in on adults' conversation.

　　小孩子不要打断大人们的谈话。

　　The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.电话铃声打断了我的思路。

　　训练;驯养;使(某人)熟悉工作

　　The engineering doctor from abroad only broke in with us last month.

　　从国外回来的工程博士是上个月才开始和我们一道工作的。

　　break into 闯入The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。

　　The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces.

　　土匪们闯进了珠宝店盗走了几乎所有值钱的项链。

　　打断;插话

　　突然…起来 to break into song突然唱起歌来

　　The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.

　　观众们爆发出一阵欢呼,醉汉鞠了一躬。

　　The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.

　　两辆车相撞时车上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。

　　The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor, and it broke into fragments.

　　新来的女服务员把菜盘子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。

　　勉强动用 to break into one's savings勉强动用存款

　　break of 除去(某人的)习性 They broke him of his addiction.他们除去他吸毒的瘾。

　　Doctors keep trying to break him of smoking the drug.医生多次设法使他戒毒。

　　break out逃脱;逃出 to break out of prison越狱而逃

　　突然发生 Fire broke out in the kitchen.厨房突然发生了火灾。

　　It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.

　　昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。

　　World War II broke out in 1939.第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。

　　His back broke out in spots.他背上出现了许多斑点。

　　She broke out in curses in her dream.她在梦中大声咒骂起来。

　　The fire broke out in the basement.地下室着了火。

　　Hostilities have broken out between the two countries. 两国之间爆发了战争。

　　break through突破 After the storm the sun broke through the clouds.风暴过后太阳冲破了云层。

　　At last, those physicians and specialists broke through in their fight against heart disease.

　　那些内科医生和专家们终于在同心脏病的斗争中取得了突破。

　　The guerrillas soon broke through.游击队很快就突围了。

　　break up分裂; 结束;解散

　　The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑时人群开始散开了。

　　The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天气转暖,冰层就会破裂。

　　Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻破裂了。

　　The police broke up the fighting crowd. 警察驱散了打架的人群。

　　He may break up under all this pressure.在这么大的压力下他可能会崩溃。

　　Break it up!别打啦!

　　The company top meeting didn't break up until midnight.公司高层会议到半夜才结束。

　　The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs. 警察驱散了两个黑帮间的殴斗。

　　(学校)开始放假When will you break up this winter?今年冬季你们什么时候放假?

　　使发笑;逗乐;使苦恼 That joke really broke me up. 那个笑话可把我逗乐了。

　　近义词： burst crack fracture interruption interval letup pause rest rupture violation

　　反义词： mend repair

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