2016中考英语知识点梳理：短语动词和句型的讲解

　　3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：

　　I saw him go into the room.

　　He was seen to go into the room.

　　4. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。

　　1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意。

　　It's time to go home.

　　It's time for school.

　　注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。

　　2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义。

　　Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health.

　　Please take more exercise. It's good for your health.

　　3. be late for (school) 是“上学(迟到)”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。

　　He was late for school this morning.

　　Don't be late for class, please.

　　4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。

　　You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside.

　　We had better stop to have a rest.

　　注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。

　　5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。

　　He is afraid of snakes.

　　Mary feels afraid of going out alone.

　　6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。

　　Are you enjoy living in Beijing?

　　Do you enjoy listening to music?

　　7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

　　stop to do sth. 停下来做某事

　　It's time for class. Stop talking, please.

　　When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me.

　　8. Let (make) sb. do 让(使)某人做某事。

　　Let's go to school.

　　Father made his son clean the room again.

　　注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如：

　　His son was made to clean the room again.

　　he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past.

　　9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。

　　like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如：

　　I like to swim in the swimming pool.

　　我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)

　　I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)

　　10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请(让)某人(不)做某事

　　Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons.

　　When did you tell him not to shout loudly?

　　11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 给(借给)某人某物

　　Mike gave me a new pair of stockings.

　　Please lend us your car.

　　12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。

　　The students are busy getting ready for the exams.

　　Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?

　　13. too ... to ... 表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。

　　She is too young to go to school.

　　The old man was too tired to walk farther.

　　14. not……until …… 是“直……才……”之意。

　　My daughter didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.

　　We won't have time to rest until the summer holiday comes.

　　15. so ……that 是“如此……以致……”的意思。

　　Peter is so clever that all the teachers like him very much.

　　The song is so wonderful that everyone likes to listen to it.

　　16. neither ……nor ……是“既不……也不……”之意。

　　Mr. Smith is neither a worker nor a soldier. He is a scientist.

　　Neither you nor I am free.

　　17. enough to do sth. 是“足以去做某事”之意。

　　She is old enough to go to school.

　　Peter was tall enough to reach the apple.

　　19. prefer……to ……是“比起来，还是……好，”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。

　　I prefer English to maths = I like English better than maths

　　He prefers playing football to playing basketball.

　　20. not ……at all ……是“根本不……”之意。

　　I don't know Mr. King at all.

　　David doesn't like singing at all.

　　21.keep sb. doing sth. 是“使某人继续做某事”之意。

　　Mr. Wang didn't come to school on time. She kept me waiting for two hours.

　　Don't keep your mother doing everything for you You should do it by yourself.

　　22. keep sth. + adj. 是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。

　　Please keep our classroom clean and tidy.

　　That wool sweater kept her body warm enough.

　　23. see sb. doing sth. 表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。

　　When my brother passed the post office, he saw a little boy crying at the door.

　　Did you see a car coming here ?

　　24. see sb. do sth. 是“看见某人做了某事”之意。

　　That girl saw an old woman fall down on the road yesterday.

　　Have you seen the leaves drop into the river ?

　　25. hear sb. doing sth. 是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。

　　Listen ! Can you hear someone singing on the hill?

　　We heard him talking with Mr. Li loudly just now.

　　26. hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。

　　He was often heard to sing in his room in the past.

　　Why didn't you hear me come into the sitting rom ?

　　27. be used for doing sth. 是“被用来做某事”的意思。

　　Knives are used for cutting things.

　　Teapot is used for keeping tea warm.

　　28. It's three metres long / high/ wide. 它是三米长(高、宽)形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It / 主语+ be +数词+米/公里+形容词。

　　His father is one and seventy metres tall.

　　That river is fifty metres wide.

　　29. What's wrong with ......? / What's the problem with ......?/ What's the trouble with ......?/ What's the matter?表示“出了什么毛病?”“…哪儿不舒服?”“怎么啦?”的含义。

　　What's wrong with your car?

　　What's wrong with you, little girl?

　　What's the matter with your watch?

　　30. Would you like (to do) ......? 是“你想要…吗?”的意思。like后面可以接名词，词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。

　　Would you like some fish?

　　Would you like to go to the cinema with me?

　　31. Will you please do sth? 是“你想要做……吗?”

　　Will you please say it more slowly?

　　Will you please not open the window? I feel cold.

　　32. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时，一般过去式和一般将来时态。

　　It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions.

　　It took Mr Wang half an hour to clean the bedroom.

　　33. I'd like sb. to do sth. 是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。