2019年中考语法复习-名词性从句

2018-08-28 11:23:39来源:网络

  【典例1】(2008·北京卷)The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

  A.which B.that C.what D.who

  【答案】C

  【解析】create后为宾语从句,从句中they hope是插入语,可删除。因为从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导该从句。

  【典例2】(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?

  A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever

  【答案】C

  【解析】考查名词性从句。题干中介词to后面为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,因此填whoever。

  (3)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

  a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“or not”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:

  Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

  The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?

  Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

  I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。

  Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?

  (4)注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用

  不同时态。例如:

  he studies English every day.(从句用一般现在时)

  he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时)

  I know(that)he will study English next year.(从句用一般将来时)

  he has studied English since 1998.(从句用现在完成时)

  当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:

  The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

  (5)think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:

  We don't think you are here.我们认为你不在这。

  I don't believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。

  3.表语从句

  在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:

  The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

  That's just what I want.这正是我想要的。

  This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。

  That is why he didn't come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

  It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

  需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:

  The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

  【点拨】whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

  【典例1】(2009·山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait tor her mother.

  A.where B.what C.how D.who

  【答案】A

  【解析】remain是系动词,后加表语从句,由句意可知,从句缺地点状语,所以选A。

  【典例2】(2008·天津卷)The last time we had grat fun was _______ we were visiting the Water Park.

  A.where B.how C.when D.why

  【答案】C

  【解析】was后为表语从句,此处when与the last time相呼应,根据句意可排除其他选项。

  4.同位语从句

  同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。例如:

  The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

  I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。

  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。

  【典例】(2009·重庆卷)We should consider the students'request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.

  A.that B.when C.which D.where

  【答案】A

  【解析】考查名词性从句。根据题意知,空格处是同位语从句的引导词,修饰中心名词request,且在句子中不充当成分,故用that。这句话的意思是我们应该考虑学生的这个要求,即学校图书馆应该多提供一些大众科学方面的书籍。

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