2019年中考语法复习-名词性从句

2018-08-28 11:23:39来源:网络

  三、对比与用法

  1.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

  that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

  试比较下面两个例句:

  I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)

  Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

  2.that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。

  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:

  a.It+be+形容词+that-从句

  It is necessary that…有必要……

  It is important that…重要的是……

  It is obvious that…很明显……

  b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句

  It is believed that…人们相信……

  It is known to all that…从所周知……

  It has been decided that…已决定……

  c.It+be+名词+that-从句

  It is common knowledge that………是常识

  It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……

  It is a fact that…事实是……

  d.It+不及物动词+that-分句

  It appears that…似乎……

  It happens that…碰巧……

  It occurred to me that…我突然想起……

  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

  很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

  It's a pity that you should have to leave.

  你非走不可真是件憾事。

  3.否定转移

  (1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

  I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

  I don't believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

  注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

  I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。

  (2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

  It doesn't seem that they know where to go.

  看来他们不知道往哪去。

  It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.

  看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。


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